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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Vesicoureteral reflux is usually discovered during evaluation for a UTI, which of the following is true?
Correct
Idiopathic VUR appears to be an autosomal dominant inherited trait with variable penetrance, 80% are females, primary VUR also may be discovered during evaluation for antenatal hydronephrosis, in this select population, 80% of affected children are male. Bladder and bowel dysfunction (constipation) may be present in 50% of children with reflux and the average age at diagnosis is 2-3 years.
Incorrect
Idiopathic VUR appears to be an autosomal dominant inherited trait with variable penetrance, 80% are females, primary VUR also may be discovered during evaluation for antenatal hydronephrosis, in this select population, 80% of affected children are male. Bladder and bowel dysfunction (constipation) may be present in 50% of children with reflux and the average age at diagnosis is 2-3 years.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
Irritative symptoms of dysuria, urgency, and frequency usually indicate a calculus in the?
Correct
If the stone passes into the bladder, the child usually is asymptomatic. If the stone is withinside the urethra, dysuria and problem voiding can result, especially in boys.
Incorrect
If the stone passes into the bladder, the child usually is asymptomatic. If the stone is withinside the urethra, dysuria and problem voiding can result, especially in boys.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Vulvar dermatologic condition in children that necessitate an evaluation of thyroid function is?
Correct
Although the diagnosis is clinical, there is an association with other autoimmune or endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease, Addison disease, pernicious anemia, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and workup should include evaluation for at least thyroid dysfunction.
Incorrect
Although the diagnosis is clinical, there is an association with other autoimmune or endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease, Addison disease, pernicious anemia, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and workup should include evaluation for at least thyroid dysfunction.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Approved treatment for condyloma acuminate of the vulva in children include all the following except?
Correct
Some products used to deal with skin lesions in adults have now no longer been accepted for children, such as provider utility of podophyllin resin and home utility of imiquimod, podofilox, and sinecatechins ointment.
Incorrect
Some products used to deal with skin lesions in adults have now no longer been accepted for children, such as provider utility of podophyllin resin and home utility of imiquimod, podofilox, and sinecatechins ointment.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
The best choice of antibiotic in treating localized impetiginous lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis is?
Correct
Erythromycin and azithromycin are usually beneficial for patients who are not colonized with a resistant S. aureus strain; a first-generation cephalosporin (cephalexin) is recommended for macrolide-resistant S. aureus. Topical mupirocin is useful in the treatment of localized impetiginous lesions, with systemic antibiotics for widespread infections.
Incorrect
Erythromycin and azithromycin are usually beneficial for patients who are not colonized with a resistant S. aureus strain; a first-generation cephalosporin (cephalexin) is recommended for macrolide-resistant S. aureus. Topical mupirocin is useful in the treatment of localized impetiginous lesions, with systemic antibiotics for widespread infections.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
The main causes of hypocalcemia in nephrotic syndrome in children are the following except?
Correct
Decreased activity of renal α-hydroxylase (which is involved in converting the less-active 25-hydroxyvitamin D into the more active 1,25-(OH)2 D) is a cause of renal insufficiency.
Incorrect
Decreased activity of renal α-hydroxylase (which is involved in converting the less-active 25-hydroxyvitamin D into the more active 1,25-(OH)2 D) is a cause of renal insufficiency.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
During a routine physical examination, a solitary thyroid nodule is palpated in an asymptomatic 10-year-old child. From the following, the most likely cause is?
Correct
In children with a solitary nodule, about 30-40% have a carcinoma, 20-30% have anadenoma, and the remainder could have thyroid abscess, thyroid cyst, multinodular goiter, Hashimoto thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, or nonthyroidal neck mass.
Incorrect
In children with a solitary nodule, about 30-40% have a carcinoma, 20-30% have anadenoma, and the remainder could have thyroid abscess, thyroid cyst, multinodular goiter, Hashimoto thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, or nonthyroidal neck mass.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
Physiologic factors play a role in stimulating and inhibiting growth hormone (GH). One of the following inhibits GH release?
Correct
Sleep, exercise, physical stress, trauma, acute illness, puberty, fasting, and hypoglycemia stimulate the release of GHwhereas hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism, and glucocorticoids inhibit GH release.
Incorrect
Sleep, exercise, physical stress, trauma, acute illness, puberty, fasting, and hypoglycemia stimulate the release of GHwhereas hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism, and glucocorticoids inhibit GH release.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
Epilepsy surgery is often used to treat refractory epilepsy of a number of etiologies including the following except?
Correct
Epilepsy surgery is often used to treat refractory epilepsy of a number of etiologies including cortical dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis, polymicrogyria, hypothalamic hamartoma, and hemispheric syndromes, which includes Sturge-Weber syndrome, hemimegalencephaly, Rasmussen encephalitis, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Patients with intractable epilepsy resulting from metabolic or degenerative problems are not candidates for respective epilepsy surgery.
Incorrect
Epilepsy surgery is often used to treat refractory epilepsy of a number of etiologies including cortical dysplasia, tuberous sclerosis, polymicrogyria, hypothalamic hamartoma, and hemispheric syndromes, which includes Sturge-Weber syndrome, hemimegalencephaly, Rasmussen encephalitis, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Patients with intractable epilepsy resulting from metabolic or degenerative problems are not candidates for respective epilepsy surgery.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
All the following are true regarding diazepam in neonatal seizures except?
Correct
Because of the respiratory and blood pressure limitations and because the intravenous preparation contains sodium benzoate and benzoic acid, it is currently not recommended as a first-line agent.
Incorrect
Because of the respiratory and blood pressure limitations and because the intravenous preparation contains sodium benzoate and benzoic acid, it is currently not recommended as a first-line agent.