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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
From the following which is the effective supplementation of folate for the prevention of neural tube defect is?
Correct
All women desirous of becoming pregnant should consume 400-800 μg folic acid daily; the dose is 4 mg/ day in those having delivered a child with a neural tube defect.
Incorrect
All women desirous of becoming pregnant should consume 400-800 μg folic acid daily; the dose is 4 mg/ day in those having delivered a child with a neural tube defect.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
From the following choose the one which is not helpful for the diagnosis of marginal vitamin A deficiency?
Correct
The plasma retinol level is not an accurate indicator of vitamin A status unless the deficiency is severe and liver stores are depleted, in which case low plasma retinol is likely to be evident.
Incorrect
The plasma retinol level is not an accurate indicator of vitamin A status unless the deficiency is severe and liver stores are depleted, in which case low plasma retinol is likely to be evident.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Cardiovascular (CV) and CNS symptoms dominate the clinical presentation of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) toxicity, signs generally broaden within 1-2 hours of ingestion and extreme toxicity typically manifests inside 6 hours of ingestion. Of the following, the most common CV manifestation is?
Correct
Sinus tachycardia is the maximum not unusual place cardiovascular manifestation of toxicity; however, patients can increase a widening of the QRS complex, untimely ventricular contractions, and ventricular arrhythmias. Refractory hypotension is a terrible prognostic indicator and is the maximum not unusual place reason for the loss of life in TCA overdose.
Incorrect
Sinus tachycardia is the maximum not unusual place cardiovascular manifestation of toxicity; however, patients can increase a widening of the QRS complex, untimely ventricular contractions, and ventricular arrhythmias. Refractory hypotension is a terrible prognostic indicator and is the maximum not unusual place reason for the loss of life in TCA overdose.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Digoxin has a very narrow therapeutic index, therapeutic plasma digoxin concentrations are 0.5-2.0 ng/mL; a level >2 ng/mL is considered toxic and a level >6 ng/mL is considered potentially fatal. From the following medications increase serum digoxin concentration except?
Correct
Numerous drug interactions affect plasma digoxin concentrations. Medications known to increase serum digoxin concentrations include the macrolides, erythromycin and clarithromycin, spironolactone, verapamil, amiodarone, and itraconazole.
Incorrect
Numerous drug interactions affect plasma digoxin concentrations. Medications known to increase serum digoxin concentrations include the macrolides, erythromycin and clarithromycin, spironolactone, verapamil, amiodarone, and itraconazole.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
The most important manifestation of hydrocarbon toxicity is aspiration pneumonitis via inactivation of the type II pneumocytes and resulting surfactant deficiency. Of the following, the propensity of a hydrocarbon to cause aspiration pneumonitis is?
Correct
With low viscosity and high volatility, such as mineral spirits, naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, and lamp oil, spread rapidly across surfaces and cover large areas of the lungs when aspirated.
Incorrect
With low viscosity and high volatility, such as mineral spirits, naphtha, kerosene, gasoline, and lamp oil, spread rapidly across surfaces and cover large areas of the lungs when aspirated.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
Regarding the Glasgow Coma scale in pediatrics, all the following are true except?
Correct
Although the GCS has now no longer been established as a prognostic scoring system for babies and youngsters because it has been in adults, it is commonly used in the assessment of pediatric patients with an altered level of consciousness. The GCS is the maximum broadly used technique of evaluating a child’s neurologic features and has three components. Individual scores for an eye-opening, verbal response and motor response are added together, with a maximum of 15 points. Patients with a GCS score ≤of 8 require aggressive management, including stabilization of the respiration with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, respectively, and, if indicated, placement of an intracranial
Incorrect
Although the GCS has now no longer been established as a prognostic scoring system for babies and youngsters because it has been in adults, it is commonly used in the assessment of pediatric patients with an altered level of consciousness. The GCS is the maximum broadly used technique of evaluating a child’s neurologic features and has three components. Individual scores for an eye-opening, verbal response and motor response are added together, with a maximum of 15 points. Patients with a GCS score ≤of 8 require aggressive management, including stabilization of the respiration with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, respectively, and, if indicated, placement of an intracranial
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
Factors in favor of SVT versus sinus tachycardia in pediatrics include the following except?
Correct
In sinus tachycardia, the history and onset are consistent with a known cause of tachycardia, such as fever or dehydration and P waves are consistently present, are of normal morphology, and occur at a rate that varies somewhat. In SVT, the onset is often abrupt without prodrome, and P waves are absent or polymorphic, and when present, their rate is often fairly steady at or above 220 beats/min. Poor perfusion can present in either cause as in dehydration with tachycardia and in the late stage of SVT.
Incorrect
In sinus tachycardia, the history and onset are consistent with a known cause of tachycardia, such as fever or dehydration and P waves are consistently present, are of normal morphology, and occur at a rate that varies somewhat. In SVT, the onset is often abrupt without prodrome, and P waves are absent or polymorphic, and when present, their rate is often fairly steady at or above 220 beats/min. Poor perfusion can present in either cause as in dehydration with tachycardia and in the late stage of SVT.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
All the following are characteristic features of the fragile X chromosome of a 3-year-old male child except?
Correct
The macroorchidism may not be evident until puberty. The facial features, which consist of a long face, big ears, and a distinguished square jaw, turn out to be greater apparent with age.
Incorrect
The macroorchidism may not be evident until puberty. The facial features, which consist of a long face, big ears, and a distinguished square jaw, turn out to be greater apparent with age.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
A highly educated young couple has their first baby with Down syndrome; they are asking you about his development. Of the following, the most appropriate answer is?
Correct
Developmental delay is universal. Cognitive impairment does now no longer uniformly have an effect on all areas of development. Social development is exceptionally spared, however, kids with Down syndrome have significant issues with the usage of expressive language. Understanding those person developmental strengths will maximize the educational process for kids with Down syndrome. Persons with Down syndrome frequently advantage from programs aimed toward stimulation, development, and education. These programs are best in addressing social abilities that frequently seem advanced for the intellectual postpone.
Incorrect
Developmental delay is universal. Cognitive impairment does now no longer uniformly have an effect on all areas of development. Social development is exceptionally spared, however, kids with Down syndrome have significant issues with the usage of expressive language. Understanding those person developmental strengths will maximize the educational process for kids with Down syndrome. Persons with Down syndrome frequently advantage from programs aimed toward stimulation, development, and education. These programs are best in addressing social abilities that frequently seem advanced for the intellectual postpone.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
The most appropriate method to confirm the diagnosis of tyrosinemia type 1 is by an elevated level of?
Correct
The presence of increased tiers of succinylacetone in serum and urine is diagnostic for tyrosinemia kind I. Increased levels of α-fetoprotein are present in the cord blood of affected infants, indicating intrauterine liver damage. Plasma tyrosine levels are usually elevated at diagnosis but this is a nonspecific finding and is dependent on dietary intake. Plasma levels of other amino acids, particularly methionine, may also be elevated in patients with liver damage. The urinary level of 5- aminolevulinic acid is elevated because of inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic hydratase by succinylacetone.
Incorrect
The presence of increased tiers of succinylacetone in serum and urine is diagnostic for tyrosinemia kind I. Increased levels of α-fetoprotein are present in the cord blood of affected infants, indicating intrauterine liver damage. Plasma tyrosine levels are usually elevated at diagnosis but this is a nonspecific finding and is dependent on dietary intake. Plasma levels of other amino acids, particularly methionine, may also be elevated in patients with liver damage. The urinary level of 5- aminolevulinic acid is elevated because of inhibition of 5-aminolevulinic hydratase by succinylacetone.