PCCN Practice Questions – Quiz 10

Hormones released by the neurohypophysis are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or also called vasopressin and oxytocin.

Some of the hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis are corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone–releasing hormone (GRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Antidiuretic hormone is released by the neurohypophysis.

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH) is a condition of impaired water excretion with accompanying hyponatremia and hypoosmolality. This is caused by the inappropriate secretion of ADH.

In order to treat a patient with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH, clinicians should restrict fluid intake to prevent water intoxication as the first step of the treatment.

Thyroid hormones are formed when iodides are removed from the blood and extracellular fluids and transported into the thyroid gland follicles.

The thyroid hormones’ major effect is to increase all metabolic activities of the body excluding those of the brain, spleen, lungs, retina, and testes.

Iodine deficiency is considered the most common cause of hypothyroidism.

The outcome of severe deficiency or total absence of thyroid hormones is called myxedema coma.

Treatments used for myxedema coma are as follows: mechanical ventilation used to control hypoventilation, carbon dioxide narcosis, and respiratory arrest, intravenous hypertonic normal saline and glucose, and warming techniques are used to increase temperature.

Hyperthyroidism can be treated by thionamides as the primary drugs with the goal of achieving a euthyroid state in 3 to 8 weeks in order to proceed with either ablative therapy or subtotal thyroidectomy.